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Cake day: April 26th, 2022

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  • I translated an article form Russian press agency Interfaks:

    The Russian Ministry of Finance, which has repeatedly announced plans to issue bonds in yuan, which have not yet been implemented, may place such debt securities before the end of the year, Reuters reports, citing sources in the financial market and the ministry.

    The target date for the placement is early December, and the Ministry of Finance is counting on a wide range of investors: from banks and management companies to brokers operating in the retail client market, according to one of the agency’s interlocutors. Several issues worth the equivalent of 100 billion rubles each can be placed.

    For the first time, the Ministry of Finance announced plans to place yuan-denominated bonds on the Moscow Stock Exchange back in November 2015. Since then, this topic has regularly appeared in discussions.

    Initially, it was planned that these would be bonds placed on the Moscow Exchange, the buyers of which would be large investors from mainland China. This placement option was complicated by the need to resolve regulatory issues related, among other things, to restrictions for Chinese investors to purchase foreign securities, representatives of the Russian Ministry of Finance explained.

    At the end of 2017, Western and Russian media sources claimed that the placement of bonds in yuan by the Ministry of Finance was a matter of several weeks, but in the end the deal did not take place, although these plans did not disappear from the agenda.

    In September 2022, Timur Maksimov, then Deputy Finance Minister and in charge of borrowing, commented on the issue of placing bonds in yuan, saying that the Ministry of Finance has two models for placing such bonds. The first one is more complicated and involves the participation of Chinese investors. The second option is to place yuan bonds for local Russian investors. According to him, this model may make sense if the federal budget finances its foreign exchange operations in yuan, since in fact, such an allocation is the transfer of free yuan liquidity to budget accounts.

    https://www.interfax.ru/business/1055852















  • Yes, the practice of testing an adversary’s response capabilities through deliberate or accidental airspace violations persists, although its context, methods, and participants have evolved significantly since the Cold War.

    This is exemplified by two flights of U.S. Air Force B-52H Stratofortress strategic bombers, capable of carrying nuclear weapons, over the Black Sea near the Crimean coast on September 4th and 14th, 2020.

    • On September 4th, the aircraft took off from RAF Fairford in the UK. They flew over the Netherlands, Germany, and Poland before entering Ukrainian airspace and approaching Crimea from the north. The bombers came within approximately 40-53 km of the Crimean coast near Melitopol and Genichesk. They were escorted by Ukrainian Su-27 and MiG-29 fighters. Russian fighter jets did not intercept them, as the B-52Hs did not violate Russian airspace.

    • On September 14th, three B-52H bombers again departed from RAF Fairford. They crossed over Ukraine to the Black Sea, heading toward Turkey, and flew within about 37.5 km of the Crimean coast near the village of Mayak. Concurrently, two Royal Air Force Sentinel R.1 reconnaissance aircraft were operating near Russian borders over the Black Sea. In response, Russian air defense forces scrambled two Su-27 fighters on duty and a pair of Su-30 fighters from the Southern Military District. The Russian crews identified the aerial targets as U.S. Air Force B-52H strategic bombers and escorted them over the Black Sea.

    The Ukrainian government in Kyiv confirmed these flights. On Monday, September 14th, the Ukrainian Air Force Command announced that three U.S. B-52H strategic bombers had re-entered the country’s airspace, escorted by Ukrainian fighter jets. In a statement on Facebook, the command noted: “The B-52s, under the cover of Ukrainian fighter jets, headed for the Black Sea for joint actions with our partners in the field of collective security. Such patrols will be regular, as the B-52 missions in the skies of Ukraine are part of the long-planned deployment of six B-52s at the UK’s RAF Fairford.”

    Source:



  • Similar actions has been made by both sides:

    • In October 2023, four NATO reconnaissance aircraft (an RQ-4 Global Hawk, a Bombardier Challenger 650 Artemis, and two P-8A Poseidons) conducted flights approximately 150 km from the Crimean coast.
    • In August 2023, MQ-9 “Reaper” and TB2 “Bayraktar” drones conducted reconnaissance over the Black Sea but were intercepted and diverted by Russian Aerospace Forces fighters.


  • European capitalism, particularly from the 16th century onward, was not a simple market economy. It was mercantile capitalism, a system where the state and private capital became fused in a project of national economic expansion. The goal was to accumulate wealth by any means necessary for the benefit of the metropolitan power. This system was inherently expansionist, violent, and required external colonies to serve as sources of raw materials and captive markets.

    China’s commercial developments, while advanced, largely served an internal, agrarian-based empire. The state’s Confucian ideology prioritized stability and internal harmony over aggressive external expansion and accumulation. There was no comparable fusion of state and commercial power for the explicit purpose of global domination.






  • Official Twitter account of U.S. Representative Joe Wilson on X:

    Russia is attacking NATO ally Poland with Iranian shahed drones less than a week after President Trump hosted President Nawrocki at the White House. This is an act of war, and we are grateful to NATO allies for their swift response to war criminal Putin’s continued unprovoked aggression against free and productive nations. I urge President Trump to respond with mandatory sanctions that will bankrupt the Russian war machine and arm Ukraine with weapons capable of striking Russia. Putin is no longer content just losing in Ukraine while bombing mothers and babies, he is now directly testing our resolve in NATO territory. Putin stated that “Russia knows no borders.” Free and prosperous nations will teach Russia about borders.

    https://x.com/RepJoeWilson/status/1965571179986510169